Management of Pregnancy Complications

PIH also known as Pregnancy-induced hypertension refers to high blood pressure that develops during pregnancy, usually after 20 weeks of gestation. Women with PIH experience symptoms such as swelling of hands, feet, or face, severe headaches, blurred vision, and protein in urine.

If left untreated, it can lead to preeclampsia or eclampsia which can lead to seizures and life-threatening complications.

Gestational diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased demands of pregnancy. This can lead to excessive fetal growth, difficult labour, low blood sugar in newborns, and future risk of type 2 diabetes. 

When labour begins before 37 weeks of pregnancy, it is termed as preterm labour. Warning signs of preterm labour include regular contractions, pelvic pressure, lower back pain, abdominal cramps, and vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage. With early medical attention, the risks associated with premature birth can be significantly reduced.

Anemia during pregnancy is caused by an insufficient number of healthy red blood cells required to carry adequate oxygen throughout the body. It commonly occurs due to iron deficiency, increased nutritional demands during pregnancy, or low haemoglobin levels. 

Oligohydramnios refers to low amniotic fluid levels surrounding the baby. Amniotic fluid is essential for fetal movement, lung development, and protection inside the womb. This condition may occur due to placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, rupture of membranes, or maternal health conditions. It can be managed with increased hydration, adequate rest, regular ultrasound monitoring, and close fetal surveillance to ensure the baby’s well-being throughout pregnancy.

This pregnancy complication is characterised by excessive amniotic fluid around the baby. Mild cases may not cause symptoms, but severe cases can lead to complications during pregnancy and labour.

Fetal growth retardation, also known as fetal growth restriction(FGR), occurs when the baby does not grow at the expected rate inside the womb. It can lead to placental problems, maternal medical conditions or nutritional deficiencies.